ABSTRACT
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 are being evaluated in humans. The specific adaptive responses of asymptomatic or symptomatic subjects against SARS-CoV-2 antigen show a positive correlation with the humoral immune response. Objective: To evaluate the presence of antibodies against spike specific protein (RBD, receptor binding domain of spike protein) and NP (nucleoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2 virus in people who received anti-COVID-19 vaccines used in Bolivia. Methods: During 2021 between July and August, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 150 persons of both sexes who were recruited in the Hospitals: Caja de Seguro Social Militar and Caja Nacional de Salud, to detect specific antibodies against the NP and RBD proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19, by means of a qualitative immunochromatographic test. Results: The presence of neutralizing antibodies after the administration of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, as complete scheme, first dose, and/or history of infection, was found in 61 % of the persons grouped in the category "low occupational risk" in a heterogeneous way regarding RBD antibodies, NP or both together. Conclusions: The production of antibodies against the specific protein of the RBD and NP spike of the SARS-CoV-2 virus shows a heterogeneous response due to several factors such as, type of vaccine, number of doses, infection by COVID-19, antibody decline over time, sensitivity of the test and intrinsic properties of the person evaluated. © 2019 Human Kinetics, Inc.
ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes a lack of control of the immune system with a predominance of a rapidly onset inflammatory response and the triggering of a cytokine storm. The objective of this review is to understand better the immune mechanisms and their lack of control activated by SARS-CoV-2. The activation of innate immunity against infection is the key factor for viral control or its progression towards COVID-19. The adaptive immune response is also disturbed by SARS-CoV-2, which enables a higher infection rate, as well as systemic immune lack of control that can trigger shock and tissue damage in different organs, death from COVID-19 or autoimmunity post-COVID-19. © 2021 Facultad de Medicina Dr. Aurelio Melean. All Rights Reserved.